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Home Visiting - Research Resources
Research directly related to home visitation:
Barth, R. P. (1991). An experimental evaluation of in-home child abuse prevention services. Child Abuse and Neglect, 15, 363-379.
Combs-Orme, T., Reis, J. & Ward, L. D. (1985). Effectiveness of Home Visits by Public Health Nurses in Maternal and Child Health: an Empirical Review. Public Health Reports, 100, 490 - 498.
This article compiles findings from eight empirical studies of the effectiveness of public health nursing in promoting maternal and child health through home visits. Each study is detailed and analyzed. Findings indicate that despite methodological limitations, under certain circumstances public health nursing can effectively convey health knowledge to high-risk mothersand improve maternal attitudes and parenting practices.
Daro, D. (1988). Confronting Child Abuse. New York: Free Press.
Dawson, P. M. (1991). Supporting New Parents through Home Visits: Effects on Mother-Infant Interaction. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 10 (4), 29-44.
Frankel, H. (1988). Family-centered, Home-based Services in Child Protection: A Review of the Research. Social Service Review, 1 (62), 137 - 157.
Giblin, P. T. (1989). Effective Utilization and Evaluation of Indigenous Health Care Workers. Public Health Reports, 104, 361- 368.
Describes the successes, benefits, and problems encountered when using indigenous health care workers. Proposes a model of program evaluation to assess the processes and outcomes of providing health services by indigenous paraprofessionals.
Gomby, D., Larson, C. S., Lewit, E. M. & Behrman, R. E. (1993). Home Visiting: Analysis and Recommendations. Future of Children, 3 (3), 6 - 22.
Halpern, R. (1993). The societal context of home visiting and related services for families in poverty. The Future of Children, 3(3), 158-171.
Hardy, J. B. & Street, R. (1989) Family Support and Parenting Education in the Home: An Effective Extension of Clinic-Based Preventive Health Care Services for Poor Children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 15 (6), 927 - 931.
132 healthy infants born to poor black women over the age of 18 were selected to receive visits from a community home visitor. 132 comparable infant/mother pairs were selected as a control group. Home visits were made to the experimental group 7 to 10 days after the baby´s birth and between regularly scheduled well-child care visits. This evaluation found that the visited group had improved compliance with well-child care, fewer illness visits and reduction in hospitalization and child maltreatment.
Hawaii Department of Health (1994). Outcomes for the Hawaii Healthy Start Program, 1992. Honolulu, HI, Maternal and Child Health.
Hiatt, S. W., Sampson, D., & Baird, D. (1997). Paraprofessional home visitation: Conceptual and pragmatic considerations. Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 77-93.
Klass, C. (1996). Home Visiting: Promoting Healthy Parent and Child Development. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
Larner, M., Halpern, R., & Harkavy, O. (Eds.) (1992). Fair Start for Children: Lessons Learned from Seven Demonstration Projects. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Larson, C. P. (1980). Efficacy of Prenatal and Postpartum Home Visits on Child Health and Development. Pediatrics, 66, 191 - 197.
Marcenko, M. O. & Spence, M. (1994). Home Visitation Services for At-risk Pregnant and Postpartum Women: A Randomized Trial. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 63, 468 -478.
Details the results of a randomized trail of a home visitation model for women at risk of out-or-home placement of their newborns. In-home pre- and postpartum health and social services were provided to 125 women deemed at high-risk for psychosocial reasons. 100 women were assigned to a control group which received the normal facility-based services of the outpatient obstetrics and gynecology clinic. Experimental group participants were visited an average of ten months by an indigenous home visitor. Each participant of the experimental group was also assigned to a social worker and a nurse. Results indicate significantly increased social support, greater access to services and decreased psychological distressed for women in the experimental group.
Muslow, M. H. & Murry, V. M. (1996). Parenting on Edge. Journal of Family Issues, 17, 704 - 721.
Evaluated a hospital-based home visiting program targeted at adolescent mothers and their children. Study participants (51 economically stressed African American mothers) had fewer subsequent pregnancies and sought more medical care for their children, resulting in healthier babies.
Olds, D. L. (1992). Home Visitation for Pregnant Women and Parents of Young Children. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 146, 704 - 708.
Olds, D. L., Henderson, C. R., Chamberlin, R., & Tatelbaum, R. (1986). Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect: A Randomized Trial of Nurse Home Visitation. Pediatrics, 78, 65 - 78.
Describes a nurse home visitation model targeted at women who were either teenagers, unmarried, or low income. Results indicated that nurse-visited women at the highest risk for care-giving dysfunction had fewer instances of verified child maltreatment than a comparison group. These women also provided more appropriate play materials, restricted and punished their children less frequently, and took their children less frequently to the emergency room. During the second year of life all nurse-visited babies had fewer emergency room visits and were also seen less frequently by their physicians for accidents and poisonings than the comparison group.
Olds, D. L., Henderson, C. R., Kitzman, H. J., Eckenrode, J. J., Cole, R. E., & Tatelbaum, R. C. (1999). Prenatal and Infancy Home Visitation by Nurses: Recent Findings. The Future of Children, 6, 44 - 65.
Olds, D. , Henderson, C., Kitzman, H., Eckenrode, J., Cole, R. & Tatelbaum, R. (1998). The Promise of Home Visitation: Results of Two Randomized Trials. Journal of Community Psychology, 26 (1), 5 - 21.
Describes two randomized trails of prenatal and infancy nurse home visitation conducted in semirural and urban areas. Findings suggest that nurse visited women had improved health related behaviors, improved quality of infant care giving and improved life course development (described as reduced rates of subsequent pregnancies and receipt of welfare). Reduction in dysfunctional care (described as reduction of child maltreatment and health care encounters for injuries) were limited to women with few psychological resources.
Olds, D. L., Henderson, C. R., Tatelbaum, R., & Chamberlin, R. (1988). Improving the Life Course Development of Socially Disadvantaged Mothers: A Randomized Trial of Nurse Home Visitation. American Journal of Public Health, 78 (11), 1436-1445.
Evaluated a comprehensive program of prenatal and postpartum nurse home visitation for first time mothers. Eighty-five percent of participants were under 19 years of age, unmarried, or low income. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to either nurse home visitation or a comparison group provided free transportation for prenatal and well-child care and/or sensory and developmental screening for the child. Nurse visited white, women who had not graduated from high school when the study began returned to school more rapidly than the control group. Poor, unmarried, white women in the experimental group also showed an 82 percent increase in the number of months employed, had 43% fewer subsequent pregnancies and postponed subsequent children an average of 12 months.
Olds, D. & Kitzman, H. (1990). Can Home Visitation Improve the Health of Women and Children at Environmental Risk?. Pediatrics, 86 (1), 108 - 116.
Olds, D. L. & Kitzman, H. (1993) Review of Research on Home Visiting for Pregnant Women and Parents of Young Children. The Future of Children, 3, 53 - 92.
Poland, M. L., Giblin, P. T., Waller, J. B., & Hankin, J. (1992). Effects of a Home Visiting Program on Prenatal Care and Birthweight: A Case Comparison Study. Journal of Community Health, 17, 221 - 229. Using a sample of 111 low-income women, the effects of paraprofessional home visiting services on the amount of prenatal care received and birth weight was studied. Home visitors were women who had been on public assistance and had been successful in attaining health and human services for themselves and their families. Paraprofessionals completed a six-week training program to prepare them for their work with new moms. Women utilizing a publicly funded prenatal clinic were randomly assigned to a home visitor or control group. Visited women had significantly more prenatal appointments and had infants with average higher birthweights. Intensity of contact was correlated with the amount of prenatal care received.
Powell, C., Grantham-MacGregor, S. (1989). Home Visiting of Varying Frequency and Child Development. Pediatrics, 84 (1), 157 - 164. This article examined two studies of home visits provided to deprived urban children in Jamaica. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness on children´s developmental levels based on different frequencies of visits. All visited groups in both studies were seen by a health paraprofessional supervised by a nurse. In the first study, 152 children, age 6 to 30 months were assigned to one of three groups. One group was visited biweekly, one monthly, and one not at all. Groups were divided based on area of residence. The biweekly group demonstrated significant increases in scores on the Griffith Mental Developmental Scales and performance subscales compared to both the monthly visited group and non-visited control group. The second study randomly assigned 58 children age 16 to 30 months from the same neighborhood into a weekly visited and a control group. Results showed a marked improvement in performance, hearing and speech subscales as well as the developmental quotient scores for weekly visited children. These findings indicate that as the frequency of visits increases, the benefits increase as well.
Powell, D. R. (1990) Home Visting in the Early Years: Policy and Program Design Decisions. Young Children, 45, 65 -73.
Ramey, Bryant, D. M., Wasik, B. H., et. Al. (1992). The Infant Health and Development Program for Low Birth Weight, Premature Infants: Program Elements, Family Participation, and Child Intelligence. Pediatrics, 89 (3), 454 - 465.
Seitz, V., Rosenbaum, L. K., Apfel, N. H. (1985). Effects of Family support Intervention: A Ten-year Follow-up. Child Development, 56, 376 - 391.
Siegel, E., Bauman, K. E., Schaefer, E. S., Saunders, M. M., & Ingram, D. D. (1980). Hospital and Home Support During Infancy: Impact on maternal Attachment, Child
Abuse and Neglect, and Health Care Utilization. Pediatrics, 66, 183 -190.
Wasik, Barbara Hanna and Roberts, Richard N. (1994). Survey of Home Visiting Programs for Abused and Neglected Children and Their Families. Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal, 18 (3), 271 - 283.
Weiss, H. B. (1993). Home Visits: Necessary, but Not Sufficient. The Future of Children, 3, 113 - 128.
Other related topics:
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss: Volume 2 Separation. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Loss. New York: Basic Books.
Carnegie Task Force on Meeting the Needs of Young Children, Starting Points: Meeting the Needs of Our Youngest Children. New York: Carnegie Corporation of New York, 1994.
Daro, D., Jones, E., & McCurdy, K. (1993). Preventing Child Abuse: An Evaluation of Service to High-Risk Families. Philadelphia: William Penn Foundation
Schorr, L. (1987). Early Interventions to Reduce Intergenerational Disadvantage: The New Policy Context. Teachers College Record, 90 (3), 362 - 374.
Wiese, D. & Daro, D. (1995). Current Trends in Child Abuse Reporting and Fatalities: The Results of the 1994 Annual Fifty State Survey. Working Paper Number 808. National Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research, National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse.
Home Visiting
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