| NATIVE PLANTS/SHRUBS : |
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Vine Maple - Acer circinatum
An erect shrub, or more commonly a helter-skelter arrangement of crooked branches; up to 20’ tall, or less commonly a small tree 30’ to 40’ in height. Common understory species in the West side forests of the Pacific Northwest also pioneer species on cutover and burned-over lands. Found on moist sites in the sun or shade from southwestern British Columbia, southward through western Washington and Oregon, to northern California, also the Wallowa Mountains of northeastern Oregon. In Oregon, vine maple will occasionally be found on the moister slopes and also streams on the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains (Suttle Lake area). |
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Douglas Maple – Acer glabrum var. douglasii
This variety is a shrub or small tree; leaf typically with shallow, broad sinuses. Occasionally found west of the Cascades in Oregon, but usually found from southwestern Alaska, south through western British Columbia and southern Alberta, eastern Washington and Oregon, eastward to Idaho and western Montana. |
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Mountain Alder - Alnus incana
A shrub or small tree up to 25’ tall, with slender branches and grayish-brown bark; tends to form thickets. Found in the mountains near streams, springs, and seeps. Ranges from central Alaska southward through eastern Oregon to central California and western Nevada, eastward to western Montana and northern New Mexico. Elevational range: In the United States from 3,000 to 7,000 feet. |
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Sitka Alder - Alnus sinuata
A thicket-forming erect shrub, or a small tree 20’ to 40’ tall and 5" to 10" in diameter; with grayish or grayish-green bark. Found in moist sites in the mountains. Ranges from the Yukon, western and southern Alaska southward to northern California, also northeastern Oregon. Elevational range in United States usually above 3,000 feet. |
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Saskatoon Serviceberry – Amielanchier alnifolia
Large shrubs or small trees up to 40’ tall and 6" in diameter. Occurs on moist, well-drained sites in the sun or partial shade, from southern Alaska to northwestern California, and eastward throughout the Rocky Mountains. |
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Oregon Grape – Berberis aquifolium (Tall Oregon Grape)
Erect evergreen shrub 3’ to 10’ tall, with dark green glossy leaves. Found on dry to moist, well-drained sites in the sun or shade; from British Columbia southward on the West side to northern California; also northeastern Oregon. |
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Oregon Grape – Berberis repens (Creeping Oregon Grape)
An evergreen, prostrate, creeping shrub seldom over 10" high. Found on dry, well-drained sites in the sun or shade in the mountains, from southern British Columbia southward on the east of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains to northern California, also the Rocky Mountains and the Black Hills. |
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Water Birch - Betula occidentalis
Loosely branched shrub, or small tree up to 30’ tall, with slender branches, which are resin-dotted on the new growth; bark dark reddish-brown. Found along streams from central British Columbia southward on the East Side of Cascade Mountains in Washington and Oregon, and the Sierra Nevada Mountains to central California, eastward to southwestern Manitoba, the Rocky Mountains and the mountains of the southwest. |
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Red Osier Dogwood – Cornus stolonifera
Deciduous multi-stemmed shrub to 15’. Provides cover, browse, and berries for wildlife. Grows on streambanks and tolerates seasonal flooding. Spans the United States and Canada; in Oregon, chiefly found east of the Cascades. |
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Black Hawthorn – Crataegus douglasii
A thicket-forming, erect shrub up to 10‘ tall, or occasionally a small 20’ to 30’ tall and 3" to 6" in diameter with stiff branches armed with thorns. Found on moist, well-drained, sandy or gravelly soils; from extreme southeastern Alaska southward, on both sides of the Cascades, to central California and western Nevada, eastward to northern Michigan and Wyoming. |
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Oceanspray – Holodiscus discolor
Erect, loosely branched shrub up to 15’ tall. Found on well drained to dry sites in the sun and shade from south central California northward to British Columbia, eastward to Idaho. |
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Dull Oregon Grape – Mahonia (Berberis) nervosa
Low, evergreen shrub with pinnately compound leaves; seldom over 30" high. Grows on moist, well-drained sites in the sun or shade; on the west side of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains from British Columbia southward into northern California, also northeastern Oregon, and Idaho. Common in the understory in the Pacific Coast forests. |
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Indian-plum - Oemleris cerasiformis
Erect shrub with light green foliage, up to 15’ tall. Grows on moist well-drained sites in the sun or shade; from British Columbia southward into California, on the west side of the Cascade Mountains. |
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Lewis Mockorange – Philadelphus lewissi
Loosely branched shrub up to 12’ tall. Occurs on moist, well-drained sites in the sun; in the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains from British Columbia southward to Central California, eastward to Montana. Usually found at the lower elevations. |
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Pacific Ninebark – Physocarpus capitatus
Large erect, spreading shrubs up to 12’ high; with maplelike leaves and thin, shreddy bark. Grown on moist, well-drained sites in the sun or shade; from British Columbia south to central California, east into western Montana. |
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Eastern Ninebark – Physocarpus opulifolia
A shrub with 9 ‘ to 10 ‘ spread. Spirea-like but more coarse growth habit. Useful for screen or mass planting. Some fall color. |
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Mallow Ninebark - Physocarpus malvaceus
Erect, loosely branched shrub up to 8’ tall, with maplelike leaves and shreddy bark. Found on dry rocky slopes in the sun or under open timber; British Columbia south to Nevada, eastward to Montana and Wyoming. |
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Blue Elderberry - Sambucus cerulea
Usually a shrub or small tree from 10’ to 20’ or more tall. Found on moist, well-drained sites in the sun; from British Columbia south to California, east through Idaho, Utah, and Nevada. Elevational range: sea level to 9,000 feet. |
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Red Elderberry – Sambucus racemosa
A shrub or small tree from 8’ to 20’ tall. Occurs on moist, well-drained sites in the sun; most common on the West Side of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains from British Columbia south to California. |
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Douglas Spirea– Spiraea douglasii
Erect deciduous wetland shrub 2’ to 4’ tall. Found on moist sites in ditches, along streams, in swales and around seeps on mountain slopes; from British Columbia southward into northern California, eastward into Idaho. |
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Snowberry - Symphoricarpos albus
Finely branches shrub up to 6’ tall. Occurs on dry to moist, well-drained sites in the sun or under partial shade; nearly continent-wide in distribution (Mexico excepted). |
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| NATIVE TREES: |
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Big Leaf Maple – Acer Macrophyllum
A tree 40’ to 100’ tall and 2’ to 4’ in diameter; when growing in the open usually branches within the first 15 feet into several large branches, forming dense, round, spreading crown; but in a dense, stand, may be a tall, straight tree. Moist well-drained soil; from western British Columbia south through western Washington and Oregon to southern California. Elevational range: sea level to 5,500 feet. |
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White Alder - Alnus rhombifolia
A tree 40’ to 80’ tall and 1’ to 2’ in diameter; with a broad, dome-shaped, open crown, and grayish-brown scaly bark. Found on moist sites along stream bottoms and on lower mountain slopes, from southern interior British Columbia southward to northern Lower California, and in northern Idaho. |
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Western Red Alder - Alnus ruba
A tree 30’ to 120’ tall and 1’ to 3’ in diameter; with a fairly straight bole and moderately open, broadly pyramidal or dome-shaped crown. Occurs along streams and in moist bottoms, and on moist mountain slopes. Ranges from southeastern Alaska southward through western British Columbia, and on the west side of Cascade Mountains as far south as southern California. Elevational range: sea level to 3,500 feet in the Pacific Coast states. |
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Oregon Ash - Fraxinus latifolia
Tree 40’ to 80’ tall and 1’ to 2-1/2’ in diameter with a narrow or broad crown. Found on moist, sandy, rocky or gravelly soils, usually near streams, on bottomlands or around the margins of swampy areas; on the west side of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains from southwestern British Columbia southward to central California. Elevational range; sea level to 2,500 feet. |
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Pacific waxmyrtle - Myrica californica
Small tree up to 30’ or 40’ tall, and 8" to 12" in diameter; with dense, dark green, round crown and slender willowlike foliage. Found on moist, well-drained, sandy or gravelly soils in the sun or shade near the Pacific Coast from Washington southward to southern California. Elevational range: sea level to 300’. |
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Black Cottonwood – Populus trichocarpa
A large tree 100’ to 200’ high, and 3’ to 6’ in diameter, with a broad, open crown. Occurs on moist sites along stream bottomlands, river islands and benches. Ranges from southern and southeastern Alaska and the southern Yukon, southward to northern Lower California and western Nevada, eastward to central Montana, and local in Wyoming and southwestern North Dakota. Elevational range: near sea level to 4,500 feet in Washington and Oregon; 500 to 6,000 feet in California. |
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Oregon White Oak – Quercus Garryana
Trees 40’ to 80’ tall and 2’ to 3’ in diameter, with a broad compact crown. On dry to moist, well-drained gravelly soils in the valleys and lower foothills from southwestern British Columbia and Vancouver Island southward principally on the West side (west of the summit of the Cascades and Sierras) to north-central California. Elevational range: from near sea level in the north to 4,000 feet in the south. |
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Cascara buckthorn – Rhamnus purshiana
A tree up to 50’ tall and 10" to 20" in diameter, or sometimes an erect shrub up to 15 feet high. Grows on moist, well-drained soils. Ranges from western and southern British Columbia south on the west side of the Cascade Mountains to lower California, east through northern Idaho to western Montana. |
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Piper/Hooker Willow - Salix hookeriana
A deciduous tree native to Oregon, stout, glossy, reddish brown branches on this fabored revegetation species. Dark green leaves appear in spring after 4" showy catkins. Found near coast and is good in natural gardens as well as woodland settings. |
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Pacific Willow – Salix lasiandra
A deciduous tree native to Oregon, that can reach 18 m in height, is strong growing, with wide spreading branches. Bark rugged and channeled. Slim, pointed leaves with curving, off-center twist. Found growing in well-drained sandy loams, to rich, rocky, or gravel soils from sea level to 2550 m. Usually along streambanks, lakes, and waterholes. |
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Sitka Willow - Salix sitchensis
Shrub or small tree 1-8 m tall; branches dark brown to grey, sparsely hairy; twigs densely velvety, brittle at base. Found along streamside thickets, lakeshores and wetland margins, forest edges and wet openings, clearings, avalanche tracks; low to middle elevations. |
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Scouler Willow – Salix scouleriana
A deciduous tree 7.5 m tall with a high narrow crown. Habitat ranges from Alaska south along the coast to southern California and New Mexico, and northeast to the Black Hills of South Dakota. Elevational range: from sea level to 3000 m on both moist lowland and dry upland soils. Shade tolerant plant and can be found growing in meadows and bogs, along rivers and roadsides, and in clearcuts. |
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Oregon Myrtlewood - Umbellaria californica
Large, evergreen trees 60’ to 100’ tall and 2’ to 5’ in diameter, with aromatic foliage; often multiple-stemmed when growing in the open, and with a dome-shaped crown; or an erect shrub up to 15’ high. Found on moist, well-drained sites in the sun or shade, on bottomlands, hillsides, and mountain slopes; from southwestern Oregon southward in the Sierra and Coast Ranges to southern California. |
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