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houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale)
ODA rating: B
Other common names
Hounds tongue, gypsy flower, rats and mice, dog bur
Description
Biennial; blooms June to August. Grows 1 to 4 ft tall; forms rosette first year and sends up flowering stalk second year. Leaves alternate, rough, hairy (resembling a hound’s tongue) and 1 to 12 inches long. Flowers reddish purple and terminal. Seeds nutlets.
Impacts
Houndstongue can be a serious problem in rangeland and pasture. The weed is highly invasive and can significantly reduce forage. The plant produces barbed seeds, or burrs, which allow the plant to readily adhere to hair, wool, and fur and can in turn reduce the value of sheep wool. In addition houndstongue contains large quantities of pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are toxic to cattle and horses.
Click on photo to view larger image
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Photo by Rich Old, XID Services
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Photo by Rich Old, XID Services
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Photo by Tom Forney, Oregon Department of Agriculture
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If images are downloaded and used from the ODA web site please be sure to credit the photographer.
Known hazards
Houndstongue is toxic, containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids, causing liver cells to stop reproducing. Animals may survive six months or longer after they have consumed a lethal amount. Sheep are more resistant than cattle or horses.
Introduction
This plant was introduced to North America as a contaminant of cereal seed in the late 1800s
Distribution in Oregon
Map legend
Yellow: limited distribution in county
Red: abundant in county
Grey: not known to be present in county
Biological controls
No approved biological control agent is currently available. However, research is being conducted on five promising insects: a root weevil, a stem weevil, a seed weevil, a root beetle and a root fly.
Informational Links
WeedMapper
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