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Department of Early Learning and Care

Oregon Prenatal to Kindergarten

Oregon Prenatal to Kindergarten (OPK) was established in 1987 and serves serve families with children from the prenatal stage through age five by providing high-quality, culturally responsive early childhood education, health care, nutrition, and comprehensive family support services.

What is Oregon Prenatal to Kindergarten?

Oregon Prenatal to Kindergarten (OPK) is a comprehensive early childhood education program focused on families experiencing the impacts of poverty, including but not limited to homelessness, food insecurity, and chronic stress. The mission of OPK is to foster school readiness by supporting the cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development of children from birth to age five. 

Program services include:

  • Education and kindergarten readiness: Programs use high quality curricula that promote development in language, literacy, mathematics, science, inquiry, and social-emotional skills from birth through the transition to kindergarten.
  • Health Services: Comprehensive health services include medical, dental, nutrition, and mental health supports. Programs establish a medical and dental home for every child and conduct developmental and social-emotional screenings, and assist families in accessing needed community health resources.
  • Education-Focused Home Visiting and Conferences: Educators conduct home visits to discuss each child's developmental progress, share screening results, and collaboratively address concerns related to potential delays or disabilities.
  • Inclusive Environments: OPK programs support inclusive classrooms for children with disabilities, ensuring access to the same learning environments as typically developing peers. Programs coordinate with Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education (EI/ECSE) providers to deliver individualized educational services and assist parents in navigating special education processes and rights.
  • Family Engagement: Families are engaged through monthly family education sessions on topics relevant to parenting, child development, family well-being, and child abuse prevention.
  • Family Support and Home Visiting: Family advocates provide individualized parenting education in the home, assist families in goal-setting and stability planning, and connect families with mental health, housing, and crisis support services. This includes ongoing support even in cases involving child welfare or family separation.
  • Parent Leadership: Each program operates a Parent Policy Council, which empowers parents to participate in program governance and decision-making. 

OPK emphasizes the role of parents as their child’s first and most important teacher and families as advocates and leaders. Parents help make programming decisions through the Policy Council and must sign off on all program components.

Eligibility: A pregnant parent or a child up to kindergarten entry is eligible if the family’s income is equal to or below 100% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) or is categorically eligible. Categorical eligibility includes SNAP, TANF, Foster Families, Families experiencing Homelessness.

OPK services in Oregon: Thirty grantees provide services to over 10,000 children and families at over 300 sites in every county across the state of Oregon. See this dashboard for more detail about current enrollment and program models: Department of Early Learning and Care : Data and Research Homepage : Data : State of Oregon
Number of children and families served annually: 14,581

Prenatal to Kindergarten Eligibility and Enrollment

Eligibility for OPK services is based on the following: 

  • Income: Families with incomes at or below the federal poverty level (FPL). Adjustments are made for housing cost burdens—families who spend more than 30% of their income on housing may have that cost deducted from their total income for eligibility purposes. 
  • Categorical Eligibility: Children who are in foster care, experiencing homelessness, or receiving public assistance (e.g., SNAP, TANF, or OHP) are categorically eligible, regardless of income.
  • Other Risk Factors: Families facing adversity—including domestic violence, parental incarceration, substance use disorder, or child welfare involvement—may also qualify based on demonstrated need.
Enrollment for OPK is open and nondiscriminatory, and follows Oregon laws prohibiting discrimination based on race, national origin, color, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, religion, physical or mental disability, military status, or marital or family status.

Enrollment FAQ

Pregnant parents and families with incomes at or below the federal poverty level (FPL) with children from birth through age five​ are eligible for OPK services.

Other children and families who are eligible, regardless of income, include:

  • Children in foster care,
  • Families experiencing homelessness,
  • Families receiving public assistance (SNAP, TANF or SSI)
  • Families experiencing other risk factors.


Children in foster care and families experiencing separation are eligible for OPK services, regardless of family income. ​

OPK follows the Head Start Performance Standards and the Head Start Act, which requires 10 percent of children enrolled to be children with disabilities who are eligible for early intervention/early childhood special education (EI/ECSE) services. OPK programs work with special education agencies to provide inclusive settings. OPK programs also conduct developmental screenings to support the identification of children with disabilities or special needs.​​​

OPK programs serve families experiencing trauma and support early childhood mental health services​

There are many ways to qualify for OPK, including categorical eligibility and risk factors. The best way to know if you qualify is to submit an application and work with the program to review your eligibility. OPK programs may also enroll a small percentage of families who do not meet the eligibility criteria or poverty guidelines.​​​

The best way to know if you are eligible is to submit an application. Use the  the Program Locator website or call 211 for more information. You can also contact your local Early Learning Hub​ to learn about other programs in your area.



How to Enroll

For more information about Head Start, visit the Head Start and the Oregon Head Start Association websites.

Find a Program Near You

P-3 programs serve pregnant individuals and children from birth to age three, 3-5 programs serve families with children between the ages of three and five.

girl with teacher  

History and Background of OPK

In 1987, the Oregon Legislature passed legislation directing the Oregon Department of Education to implement a preschool initiative designed to expand Head Start services to more families statewide. This initiative, now known as OPK, has grown to include center-based and home-based services for children from the prenatal period through age five. These programs are implemented in alignment with the federal Head Start Program Performance Standards (HSPPS) and are administered under the statutory authority established by Senate Bill 524 (1987).

D
uring the 2023 legislative session, House Bill 3535 formally renamed “Oregon Prekindergarten” to “OPK,” reflected the expanded scope of the program to include prenatal-to-three services. This expansion was made possible through the Student Success Act of 2019, which established the Early Learning Account and significantly increased funding for infant and toddler care. As a result, the prenatal-to-three component of OPK (formerly Oregon Early Head Start) expanded from 64 funded slots in 2019 to 1,154 in 2020-2021 and 1,415 in 2023.

OPK programs align with all Head Start Performance Standards and the Head Start Act overseen by the Office of Head Start (OHS). The Office of Head Start (OHS) and the the Department of Early Learning and Care use The Head Start Monitoring System to measure the performance and accountability of programs with the Head Start Program Performance Standards, the Head Start Act, and other regulations. For more information, visit eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/policy



Other resources: 

OPK Data Dashboard:Department of Early Learning and Care : Data and Research Homepage : Data : State of Oregon
OPK 2021-23 Legislative Report: (pending)
Head Start website:Head Start | HeadStart.gov
National Head Start Association:Home Page - NHSA
Oregon Head Start Association:Home | Oregon Head Start Association