Pigeon Fever

Pigeon fever is an infectious disease in horses caused by the soil bacteria Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The bacteria can survive for long periods in dirt, manure, hay, and bedding. Horses usually become infected when the bacteria enter small cuts or scrapes on the skin, often carried by flies or picked up from contaminated equipment (e.g., bedding, tack, grooming tools) or the environment. 

Pigeon fever can appear in several forms. The most common form develops as large swellings and abscesses on the chest or belly, but the disease can sometimes affect the limbs or internal organs, leading to more serious illness. Cases tend to occur in warmer, drier months when flies are active, although it can take 1-4 weeks for clinical signs to develop after exposure to the bacteria. Disease levels may vary year to year based on environmental conditions and herd immunity. In Oregon, pigeon fever is immediately reportable, and affected horses should be quarantined until they are no longer contagious. Good fly control, clean handling practices, and quick veterinary attention can help protect other horses and reduce the spread of infection.

Note: The Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis organism can infect multiple animal species, although different biotypes may be more likely to infect different species; the bacteria is known to occasionally infect humans.

• Pigeon Fever Information for Animal Owners 
  
• Pigeon Fever Information for Veterinarians
  

Outbreak Information and Updates

For information on where Pigeon Fever cases have been reported or are currently occurring in the United States, visit the Equine Disease Communication Center Pigeon Fever page.  

Pigeon Fever Cases in Oregon

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